Port high pole lighting technology and application
Abstract: This paper discusses the safety of port lighting, some issues that must be considered in port lighting design and construction, and the basics of lifting high pole lights Lighting technology and applications such as structural and technical requirements, illuminance calculation and measurement were discussed.
Keywords: high pole light; illumination; application
1 port lighting
Port lighting is a necessary condition for port safety production, is to guarantee the port Important measures for nighttime production and safety of ships, vehicles and personnel. Port lighting mainly includes road lighting in the port area, yard lighting, front lighting of the terminal and interior lighting of the building. Yard lighting and terminal front lighting are currently dominated by high pole lighting, and more of them are lifted high pole lights.
High-beam lighting is a type of lighting in which a group of lamps is mounted on a pole with a height of 20 m or more for large-area illumination. Before the 1980s, most of the towers used iron tower lighting to install larger power light fixtures on tapered or vertical towers. The tower is constructed of angle steel or seamless steel tubes. The general tower is not too tall. When repairing or replacing the light source, maintenance personnel are required to climb the ladder to the top of the tower. At present, high pole lighting has been widely used in national ports. The high pole lamp panel can be designed in various styles, such as sprocket type, skirt type, frame type, flying saucer type, morning glory type, etc. Various different lamp panel shapes increase the beauty of the high pole light, and at the same time It also enhances the landscape effect of the port and yard.
Early built fixed high pole lights, the lamp panel is fixed at the top of the pole, maintenance work needs to build a steel frame or use a lift overhead. In order to solve the maintenance problem of fixed high pole lights, China's first base lift type high pole lamp was successfully developed in the late 1980s, which filled the gap in this field in China and laid the foundation for the development of high lift pole lights in China in the future. The foundation.
At present, there is a development of dumping high pole lights abroad, so that the high pole lights can be turned over during high winds or maintenance). The height of the high pole lights required for port lighting is generally between 30m and 40m. In recent years, due to the needs of port production and safety, monitoring and communication equipment has been widely used. Many ports have installed broadcasting, monitoring and wireless communication devices on high-beam lighting facilities, making full use of high-lighting facilities and high poles. The application raises new topics. At present, this technology has been applied in the 200,000-ton ore quay of Qingdao Port Qianwan, the first and second phases of Huanghua Port, the Yingkou Port Logistics Yard and the container yard, and the effect is good.
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2 Problems to be considered in the design and construction of high-bar lighting in ports
1) The design should be safe, reliable, technologically advanced, economical, energy-saving and convenient to use. And the principle of convenient maintenance.
2) According to the requirements of the yard, choose the lighting layout reasonably. In the container yard, the yard is generally selected for all-round lighting; while in the bulk terminal, some use single-sided lighting, that is, the high pole lights are placed on both sides of the yard; The power is generally between 12KW and 15KW. The single-sided lifting type high pole lamp was first applied to the apron lighting of the airport in China.
Port ore and coal yards can be double-sided. For example, in the second phase of the Huanghua Port project, a high-pole lamp with 5 bases and 40m lifting type double-sided illumination was used. The total power of each base lamp was 30KW, and the lighting effect was good. At the Yingkou Port Ore Terminal, the original design was a 21-base 40m single-sided lift type high pole light. The improved design uses a 7-base 35m single-sided lift-type high pole light (15KW per base height pole light) and a 7-base double-sided lift lift high pole light (30KW per base height pole light), thus saving investment 2 million yuan. In the lighting design of the ore terminal yard of Laoshan Port, the 14-base 30m double-sided lifting type high pole light is used, and the total power of each base lamp is 24KW, which replaces the 28-base single-sided high-beam lighting, which has twice the result with half the effort.
3) The illumination distance of the high pole illumination should be determined mainly by the illumination calculation. There is a big difference with the type of goods, but from the actual experience, it is generally about 4-6 times the height of the high pole lamp. Under the premise of ensuring the lighting function, the arrangement should be as close as possible to the environment, anti-glare and minimize shadows and blind spots.
4) Determine the required illuminance according to the type of cargo yard and related regulations (such as the illuminance of the port handling area of the Ministry of Communications JT2012-88 and its measurement method) or other relevant illuminance recommendations. Number of lights and power. From the relevant specifications or standards, the higher the hazard of the goods, the higher the required illuminance.
5) According to the natural conditions of the port's geographical location, the weight of the lamp panel and the weight of the luminaire, the strength and stiffness of the pole and the foundation of the foundation shall be designed. Special attention shall be paid to the maximum wind speed of the design. At present, the maximum wind speed required for coastal ports is 55m/s, and that for ports along the Yangtze River is generally 38m/s. In practical applications, it should also be determined by referring to the maximum wind speed in 50 years in the historical data of the meteorological department where the port is located.
6) Depending on the port's production and safety needs, it may be considered to install monitoring and communication devices on the polelight poles to ensure better utilization of port facilities and investment savings.
7) Scientifically select light sources and lamps. High-pressure sodium lamps are characterized by high efficiency, energy saving, long life, and economic durability. They are usually used in port lighting. At present, the quality of high-pressure sodium lamp products in China has reached international standards. There are many kinds of floodlights produced in China, and the choice of good floodlights can bring high light efficiency. In the choice of luminaires, in addition to the light intensity distribution of the luminaire, luminaire efficiency and beam efficiency, the dustproof, waterproof, anti-vibration, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, heat dissipation and other properties of the luminaire should also be considered. Generally, the degree of protection of the luminaire is above IP55. The reflector of the luminaire should be made of polished pure aluminum or stainless steel. There should be a device for adjusting the azimuth and elevation angle. At present, the luminous efficiency of some lamps in China can reach the level of international brands, and it is economical and practical, and has better cost performance than some international brand lamps.
8) Safety and energy saving
High-pole lighting devices should have good lightning protection and power compensation. Reasonable illumination should be selected from the aspects of safety, rationality, economy and energy saving. High efficiency (light efficiency greater than 55%) lamps, ballasts and capacitor compensators.
Automatic control technology can be used, such as the control scheme combining time control technology and manual control, and the grouping control method is adopted for the light source of the same high pole light, so as to provide the necessary maximum when there is work in the yard. Illumination, providing the necessary safety lighting when there is no work. The lighting equipment of oil terminals, grain terminals and chemical terminals must be explosion-proof products, such as explosion-proof electrical control boxes, explosion-proof lamps, fire-retardant cables, etc., and a complete set of reliable safety measures should be taken during equipment maintenance.
3 Basic Structure and Requirements for Lifting High-Lamp Lights
3.1 Standards and Specifications for Design and Construction of High-altitude Lighting for Yards
JT2012- 88 Illumination and measurement method for yard loading and unloading area
JT/T194- 95 Loading and unloading area Specification for pole lighting settings
JT/T312- 1996 Technical conditions for lifting high pole lighting devices
CJJ45- 91 Urban Road Lighting Design Specification
GB7002- 86 Projection Lighting Optical Test
GB7000- 86 General safety requirements and tests for lamps
GB7001- 85 Classification of lamp enclosure protection levels
GB 50259- 96 Electrical installation engineering construction and acceptance specifications
GB 50285- 96 Electrical installation engineering electrical lighting installation construction and acceptance specifications <>
GBJ 135- 90 Steel Structure Design Specification
< p="" style="text-align: center;">GBJ 17- 88 Steel Structure Design SpecificationGB/T 13912- 1992 Metal Cover, Steel Product Heat Plating Technical Requirements
3.2 Basic Structure of Lifting High Rod Lights
Lifting high pole lights are made up of light poles, light panels (lamp holders), lighting fixtures, lifting mechanisms, electrical Control unit and other components. The poles are segmented and welded by steel plates. For convenient transportation, each section is about 10m long. It is plugged or welded in the field. The current trend is a polygonal plug pole. A lightning rod and a rain cap are mounted on the top of the pole, and a pulley block is arranged under the rain cap for winding the wire rope and the cable, respectively. The light panel is used to mount the luminaire. The lighting fixture is composed of a casing, a reflector, a lamp holder, a tempered glass, etc., and the lamp has a direct influence on the effect of the high pole lighting.
The lifting mechanism consists of an electric motor, a safety coupling and a winch. The motor and the hoist are connected by a safety coupling. When the load increases or reaches the top limit, the safety coupling Automatically slip to ensure safety. The winch generally adopts a worm gear transmission form with good self-locking performance. Some hoists are equipped with ratchets to prevent the car from slipping when the lamp is lowered. At present, the hoisting machine adopts a single turbine, a single worm, and a single reel "one to three ropes", that is, a main steel wire rope with three secondary steel wire ropes. Galvanized steel wire ropes should be used with a safety factor of not less than 8. In order to ensure the safety of the lifting and lowering of the lamp panel, the lifting mechanism should be remotely controlled to ensure that the personnel can carry out the lifting operation 5m away from the lamp pole. Electrical control devices include lighting power switches, time-controlled switches, and various outlets.
3.3 Anti-corrosion treatment
Severe steel anti-corrosion treatment should be carried out for high pole lamps. Currently commonly used treatment methods include paint, spray, hot dip galvanizing and thermal spray aluminum. In addition to ensuring the quality of anti-corrosion treatment, it should also pay attention to timely repair the damaged surface during installation and construction (such as surface damage caused by electric welding).
3.4 Regulations for the use and maintenance of high pole lights
In order to ensure safe use, a complete system of high pole lights must be used. Maintenance procedures. Pay attention to the operation of the lamp when it is lifted, especially under high wind conditions. The supplier shall explain the safe use regulations to the user when the equipment is installed and tested.
4 Calculation and measurement of illuminance
The illuminance is the basic parameter of illumination, the unit is lx, and the basic symbol is E.
E = 1 d2 or E = FS
where: E: calculated illuminance (lx);
S: illuminated area (m2); /p>
F: Total light flux (lm) that falls on the illuminated surface;
I: light intensity (cd) of the light source at a certain point;
d: Distance (m) from the light source to the illuminated point.
The illuminance can be determined by reference to relevant standards or specifications depending on the application. The illuminance required may vary depending on the type of stock in the yard and the location of the light
. According to the relevant standards, the average illuminance on the container yard is
20 lx, the average illuminance on the stockyard is 15 lx, and the average illuminance on the bulk yard is only 5 lx.
The calculation of illuminance is the basic basis for selecting lamps and light sources. It is currently possible to determine the illuminance using the illuminance calculations and illuminance plots provided by the supplier of the luminaire and the light source
. The purpose of the calculation is to determine the number of light sources, fixtures, and power required.
. After the installation of the high pole lamp, field measurements should be made to check whether the calculated point illuminance value can meet the design requirements.
1) Determine the average illumination using the lumen method:
In the actual measurement of illumination, there should be no other light source and the light source is stable. In the case of the status. For the illuminance calculation diagram of Figure 1
The high pressure sodium lamp should be performed 30 minutes after the power is turned on. The general measurement and calculation parameters are: average illuminance: The average illuminance of a place, divided into horizontal average illuminance and vertical average illuminance. Minimum illumination: The illumination value at any point in a certain place, and the illumination values of other points are higher than this value. Illuminance uniformity: The ratio of the minimum illuminance value to the average illuminance value. The measurement method can be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements and methods of "Illumination and Measurement Methods for Port Loading and Unloading Areas" (JT2012-88).
5 Foundation design and construction of high pole lighting
The foundation of high pole lighting is designed by the civil engineering department, but the supplier of high citrus lamps should provide accurate data to the civil engineering department. These data mainly include the maximum bending moment of the lighting pole (the bending moment that a ship should have when designing the maximum wind speed), the overall weight, the arrangement and size of the anchor bolts. The basic design should also pay attention to local geological and seismic conditions. In 1996, some
ports were hit by typhoons, and some of the high pole lights were scraped because of the flaws in the basic design. Therefore, the basic design and construction must be carried out in strict accordance with relevant standards and specifications.
